
First isolated from human plasma in 1973, GHK-Cu has been the subject of extensive peer-reviewed research examining its interaction with gene expression in dermal fibroblasts, collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis pathways, and pro-inflammatory cytokine modulation. Studies indicate GHK-Cu may interact with over 4,000 human genes in laboratory models, with research areas including TGF-beta and integrin signalling, wound-healing biology, follicular cell research, and antioxidant enzyme pathway studies.

